In February 1989, a
JAS 39 Gripen prototype
crashed when landing in Linköping, Sweden. Pilot-induced oscillation as a result of an over-sensitive, yet slow-response flight control system was determined to be the cause. Subsequently, the flight control system was redesigned.
Pilot-induced oscillation was blamed for the 1992 crash of the prototype
F-22 Raptor, landing at
Edwards Air Force Base in California. This crash was linked to actuator rate limiting, causing the pilot,
Tom Morgenfeld, to overcompensate for pitch fluctuations.